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A team led by Iranian professor Behrokh Khoshnevis is working on developing robots that will be able to construct buildings in a single day.

Behrokh Khoshnevis, an Iranian professor at USC Viterbi School of Engineering in California, US, told Mehr News that he has been working on Selective Separation Sintering (SSS) process for 20 years so that he can build structures in an automated way using 3-D printing.

SSS is the first process which will be able to work in zero gravity. Compared to expensive technologies like lasers, SSS provides more speed, accuracy and independence and has high potential for space and planetary use, he added.

Khoshnevis, who is a two-time NASA competition winner, maintained that construction work is highly dangerous, and statistics show that approximately 60,000 people lose their lives during construction; “construction also takes a lot of time and costs a lot of money, therefore building structures by robots is an urgent need.”

The Iranian engineer added that his project has been followed up by NASA to be implemented on other planets as well, saying “for years, I have been conducting various research and development on the construction of structures on the moon and Mars from the materials available in space. I am hoping to be able to apply this project in Iran as the first country of choice.”

“With this method, a 200m structure can be built in one day,” he said, adding “of course we will begin with smaller buildings and with bigger machines we can construct bigger structures.”

He further added that this technology enjoys massive energy and environmental benefits, adding “any structure can have a unique design of its own with complex curves.”

Khoshnevis’ existing Contour Crafting, a mega-scale 3-D printing process, won the grand prize in a 2014 NASA competition.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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By Allison Williams

Iran needs investments in drugs, equipment and hospitals and German health care companies are keen to move forward but waiting to see when sanctions will be lifted.
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HT Health Tec, a German health care company, is all set to start building a hospital in Iran.

It follows a surprise request made by Iran’s vice health minister Iraj Harirchi during a visit by Bavarian company representatives last fall.

“When it’s agreed, it could take 24 months to build a hospital with 400 beds,“ Alexander Vonscheidt, a senior sales manager at the company, told Handelsblatt Global Edition. “We’d be part of a bigger consortium working with architects and construction firms. Siemens, Trumpf and Heilbron are other Bavaria-based health companies that could be part of a turnkey project.”

HT Health Tec builds hospitals, including operating theaters and safety labs, but wound down its business with Iran over the past few years because of sanctions imposed by world powers. Those sanctions were lifted in January following last year’s deal to curb Iran’s nuclear ambitions.

“Now we want to start again,” Mr. Vonscheidt said.

After a decade cut off from Western markets, Iran needs everything: trucks, cars, machines, power stations, medical technology and consumer goods, for a population of 80 million. The need for drugs and medical equipment is particularly pressing.

However, companies from all industries are in limbo as sanctions on Iran remain largely in place, hampering banks’ ability to engage in the country. United Nation sanctions concerning Iran’s nuclear program have been lifted but many imposed by the U.S. government still stand concerning terrorism and human rights, for example, and financial sanctions affect countries beyond the United States.

“A lot of companies thought that after the nuclear deal, the risk of doing business with Iran was minimal,” said Mark Hibbs, senior associate in Carnegie’s Nuclear Policy Program. “Many of the sanctions remain in place, however.”

 
Child, hospital, Iran AP
Businesses from abroad are ready to move and the sector needs investment. Source: AP

Blocked Hermes credits are another complicating factor, due to unpaid bills. These are export credit guarantees given by the German government. Under the guarantees, if exporters’ partners don’t pay, their business will be covered.

Currently, Iran owes €500 million in unpaid Hermes bills, Mr. Hibbs said, adding he expects the governments to resolve this issue but that it is an additional hurdle to business until the credits are available again. “That’s a separate issue but a direct, real-time issue, it’s more immediate for companies that are interested in doing business in Iran,” he said.

Companies have also found that a much larger share of the economy is run by the IRGC, Iran’s military security organization, than previously thought, Mr. Hibbs noted. Some have claimed that as much as 80 percent of the economy is run by IRGC-related enterprises.

Another factor is reporting requirements. German companies doing business in Iran and in the United States have disclosure obligations that some of the companies can’t meet. They have to provide details of financial transactions for transparency but many exporting companies found it “extremely difficult to get solid information about creditworthiness and the risks of doing business,” Mr. Hibbs said.

He noted that at a meeting of smaller and mid-sized companies from Germany, many said they feared negative publicity and the possible effects on their business. “If Iran is portrayed as a rogue state, that could hurt their reputations,” he said.

“As a German company, we’re under no illusions: Regular business will only start after U.S. banks begin dealing with Iran again,” Martin Herrenknecht, chief executive of a tunnel drilling company of the same name, told Handelsblatt. “Then the German banks follow suit.”

Drugs made in Iran are cheap but seen as poor quality, according to Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, an economics professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University who comes from Iran. Sanctions, he noted, add a 30 percent premium on anything imported.

“People do pay this as there’s a lot of suspicion that Iranian drugs are substandard and ineffective,” he said in an interview.

Although medicines were exempt from sanctions, Iran’s pharmaceutical sector has faced severe difficulties for years. Sanctions on the country’s banking system meant few pharmaceutical raw materials could be imported and there are shortages, particularly of more advanced medicines, according to Business Monitor International.

    For hospitals and health care institutions, buying a cat scan from the United States was a huge headache because they couldn’t sell them for fear they’d be hunted down by the U.S. Treasury.

Local manufacturers struggled to make up for the shortages. Looking ahead, Mr. Salehi-Isfahani said he expected local drug companies would try to find partner companies abroad. “This would help convince buyers that the drugs are of high quality,” he said. “If they can convince people the drugs are made abroad and that they are raising the quality standard through cooperation, that’s very important.”

Health companies from Germany are monitoring the situation. Günther Forneck, a communications manager at drugmaker Bayer, told Handelsblatt Global Edition that the pharma company’s revenues in Iran are only a very small proportion of its overall sales. “We believe our products, particularly our health care and agrarian products, are also needed in Iran and see further business potential as sanctions are lifted,” he said, adding that the company’s planning depended on the concrete way that sanctions were lifted and that Bayer was watching developments.

Iran’s hospitals also need equipment, which they may find easier to buy in the future than in the past. “For hospitals and health care institutions, buying a cat scan from the United States was a huge headache because (American companies) couldn’t sell them for fear they’d be hunted down by the U.S. Treasury,” Mr. Salehi-Isfahani said.

Siemens is also looking forward to the Iranian market opening again. “Siemens’ history in Iran dates back to 1868 and we’ll now be stepping up our efforts toward continuing this long tradition,” a Siemens spokesperson told Handelsblatt Global Edition. “We want to support Iran in the future development of its infrastructure such as the energy sector, rail transportation and healthcare.”

Siegfried Russwurm, a management board member of Siemens who visited Tehran last fall in the same business delegation as Mr. Vonscheidt, said there was a need for a digital link between highly technical university hospitals and satellite hospitals that could be connected through telemedicine and digital methods. “That’s exactly what this country needs and that’s where we want to build up our collaboration,” Mr. Russwurm said in an interview at the time.

Fresenius, a German health care company that makes medical technology, was also careful to note that health care was not covered by sanctions and that the company maintained relations with Iran supplying medicines.

Iran-economy

“Fresenius Medical Care and Fresenius Kabi do not have any plants or offices in Iran, (but) the pharmaceutical company has supplied Iran with drugs and products exempt from international sanctions for humanitarian reasons,” Matthias Link, a spokesman for Fresenius, told Handelsblatt Global Edition. “There’s significant pent-up demand for health care. While the development of international economic ties may lead to increased demand for our products over time, it is still too early to make a detailed forecast.”

“Iran is becoming more and more important to our business,” said Gangolf Schrimpf, a media relations manager at German health care specialist Merck, which is the second-largest international pharma company in Iran after Sanofi. Merck presently employs 40 people in Iran and helps patients with products to treat diabetes, multiple sclerosis, cancer, infertility and cardiovascular diseases. “We have been working with Actoverco, a local company, to produce diabetes drug Glucophage and may extend this deal to other drugs given the positive experience in this partnership.”

In the coming months, the situation for companies exporting to Iran is likely to normalize and become straightforward, Mr. Hibbs said but added that for those considering investments over a period of 10 to 15 years, the risks were much more difficult to assess.

 
Iran hospital two men lying down getty images
Patients in Iran waiting for treatment. Source: Getty images

German companies, mindful of the large fines imposed on banks for ignoring trade restrictions with Iran, are now waiting for U.S. banks to begin doing business again there. They are also calling on German banks to set up business operations in the country.

How successfully German companies will compete with U.S. rivals when the market opens up remains to be seen, but Mr. Hibbs sees German companies having an advantage, given the historical context. Because the United States, “led the world in sanctioning Iran for many decades,”  it meant the biggest economy in the world “was not a competitor” for Germany up until the E.U. restrictions.

“Iran has a lot of good, well-qualified doctors in all areas of medicine and the standard of their training is very high; my elderly relatives have good experiences of the healthcare system, one of my parents had surgery,” said one Iranian living in Germany, who talks to relatives there. But “they (also) say if you go to hospital, the technology isn’t so good.” Looking ahead, the question now is how far Iran will invest in the sector.

German Trade with Iran-01

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